tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-59345560285332874782024-02-07T01:49:01.265-08:00Mga Sinaunang KabihasnanAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06508707561369579086noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5934556028533287478.post-85757471910717624352014-07-26T09:57:00.000-07:002014-07-26T19:46:08.496-07:00<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">-KABIHASNAN NG MESOPOTAMIA-</span></b></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtjIweBHQRTqnWq32BOdU6l44POtumgU2Se4RvQM6zdkG5RZ9KEZiTzbiuTavk7HDuLadIETNpBLeF2zimvKnNzixhn2cBqp4W89xNYnFMoFe0CWRYloIJmAyQL3ndBb263TBA2GHj9PT1/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"></span></a><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> </span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 21px;">Matatagpuan ito sa rehiyon ng Fertile Crescent. </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 21px;">Ang salitang Mesopotamia ay nagmula sa mga salitang Greek na meso na ang ibig sabihin ay “pagitan” at potamos o “ilog”</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 21px;">Nangangahulugang ang lupain sa dalawang ilog. Dalawang ilog ang dumadaloy rito: ang mga ilog Tigris at Euphrates na parehong nagmula sa kabundukan ng Armenia at tumatagos sa Golpo ng Persia .</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 21px;">Ang ilog Tigris at Euphrates ay nagiiwan ng matabang lupa na ginagamit naman sa pagsasaka. At nagsisilbi din silang daanan ng mga kalakal na patungong Golpo mula sa dagat Mediterranean. </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 21px;">Sa Mesopotamia nahubog ang apat na kabihasnan: Ang Sumer, Babylonia, Akkad at mga Assyria.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 21px;"> *HEOGRAPIYA*</span></b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2AtIeGcmpo4Bjxri-upxcNmLBrUf-QB55sPbzsgHb0VqzdIROvWc9F2HEFkUK0bqXrsbZdNlzpcyGmhQvp_HljEwOhMSpp0FnVkx4wo66fvnwqYPZkq4_qWtF_J-miz53i-z7AFf4AUkd/s1600/fertile+crescent.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2AtIeGcmpo4Bjxri-upxcNmLBrUf-QB55sPbzsgHb0VqzdIROvWc9F2HEFkUK0bqXrsbZdNlzpcyGmhQvp_HljEwOhMSpp0FnVkx4wo66fvnwqYPZkq4_qWtF_J-miz53i-z7AFf4AUkd/s1600/fertile+crescent.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lugar kung saan matatagpuan ang FERTILE CRESCENT<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 21px;">Ang pangalan ng Mesopotamia ay nagmula sa salitang Griyego n ang kahulugan ay "lupain sa pagitan ng ilog." Ang dalawang ilog na tinutukoy rito ay ang Ilog Tigris at Ilog Euphrates. Dahil sa matabang lupain at mainam na patubig mula sa ilog, bahagi ang Mesopotamia sa tinatawag na FERTILE CRESCENT nga mga lupain sa Kanlurang Asya.</span></b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBypl36a7wQmVHbxGO5nTibo5EypCz8JniinuefwAxPq7VgsRp8hyphenhyphenaS_gEIhL1_1Xu-0BZUrVJFsoLDwY7spb09NiraqIW-bCsqoNv4vUaMjI0N0Fp3PdGKJ8JuEP31IjOMHZCi67_SAyg/s1600/busto+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBypl36a7wQmVHbxGO5nTibo5EypCz8JniinuefwAxPq7VgsRp8hyphenhyphenaS_gEIhL1_1Xu-0BZUrVJFsoLDwY7spb09NiraqIW-bCsqoNv4vUaMjI0N0Fp3PdGKJ8JuEP31IjOMHZCi67_SAyg/s1600/busto+1.jpg" height="200" width="105" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Busto ni Haring Sargon/<br />
Sargon the Great</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>*MGA UNANG EMPERYO*</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><b><u>AKKADIAN</u></b></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Dulot ng madalas na pakikidigma ng mga lunsod-estado ng Sumer sa isa't-isa, humina ang kakayahan nilang pangalagaan ang kanilang teritoryo. Dahil Dito unti-unting nasakop ang mga lungsod ng Sumer ng kaharian ng Akkad na pinamumunuan ni Sargon the Great. Sa ilalim ng pamamahala ni Haring Sargon, lumawak ang nasakop ng Akkad at kinilala bilang unang Emperyo.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;"><u>BABYLONIAN</u></span></span></h2>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT0AQiKZcQUfIH3yqv5EkAOAaeAzZhC_1YWdLJ2WKoG5SLjZSZB43FzgmGpw9Cv8DWX9gCi23SHqQNuj-zJuQoHXc_YGSAFiSxR3KO-S3yrxKi57gjK0Fhb7jRZfKxnKgQDSLhrL2FKKVG/s1600/Hammurabi.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT0AQiKZcQUfIH3yqv5EkAOAaeAzZhC_1YWdLJ2WKoG5SLjZSZB43FzgmGpw9Cv8DWX9gCi23SHqQNuj-zJuQoHXc_YGSAFiSxR3KO-S3yrxKi57gjK0Fhb7jRZfKxnKgQDSLhrL2FKKVG/s1600/Hammurabi.png" height="195" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">Ang namuno sa Babylonia</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;"> na si Hammurabi</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 20.799999237060547px;"> Sa Pagsapit naman ng 2000 BCE, isang panibagong pangkat ng mga mananakop ang naghari sa Mesopotamia. Sila ang mga Amorites na nagtatag ng kabisera sa Babylon </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 20.799999237060547px;">( nangangahulugang pintuan sa langit). Sa pagitan ng mga taong 1792 hanggang 1750 BCE, nakamit ng imperyong Babylonian ang runok ng kapangyarihan sa pamumuno ni HAMMURABI. Makalipas ang dalawang siglo, nabuwag ang imperyo dahil sa pananalakay ng mga mananakop ng pastoralistang nomadiko.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;"><b><u>ASSYRIAN</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 20.799999237060547px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span> Mula naman 850 hanggang 650 BCE, sinakop ng mga Assyrian ang mga lupain sa Mesopotamia, Egypt, at Anatolia. Isinaayos nila ang kanilang nasasakupan sa isang imperyo. Ang mga Lupaing malapit sa Assyria ay ginawang lalawigan at ang mga kaharian na kaalyado ng imperyo ay oinangalagaan ng hukbong Assyrian laban sa kaaway at mananalakay.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;"><b><u>CHALDEAN</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 20.799999237060547px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span>Sa pagkatalo ng mga Assyrian, itinatag ng mga Chaldean ang kanilang kabisera sa matandang lungsod ng Babylon. Muling naging sentro ng bagong imperyo ang lungsod ng Babylon makalipas ang mahigit 1 000 taon nang una itong naging kabisera sa pamumuno ni Hammurabi.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBaZov4KlOZPhteLa6fFC9aa-p6ZcukcWVEQZyIhmrwAwfKPz4Rj72BSwmM8VLq24wA0KASNjx7_Emdi0E-JkFUZQqIj06V1rxe444Bv-DhoxUzblXf3f92MQE2R2fgcqPX7RiUYmOQrFZ/s1600/Hanging+Gardens+Of+Babylon.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBaZov4KlOZPhteLa6fFC9aa-p6ZcukcWVEQZyIhmrwAwfKPz4Rj72BSwmM8VLq24wA0KASNjx7_Emdi0E-JkFUZQqIj06V1rxe444Bv-DhoxUzblXf3f92MQE2R2fgcqPX7RiUYmOQrFZ/s1600/Hanging+Gardens+Of+Babylon.gif" height="211" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">Ang HANGING GARDENS na ipinagawa ni Nebuchadnezzar</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 20.799999237060547px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span>Naging tanyag na hari ng mga Chaldean si Nebuchadnezzar. Ito ay dahil sa ipinagawa niya ang "HANGING GARDENS" na itinuturing na isa sa SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD. Ito ay isang bai-baitang na hardin na alay para sa kaniyang asawa na si Reyna Amyitis. Pagsapit ng taong 586 BCE, nasakop ng mga Persyano ang kaharian ng mga Chaldean</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">*<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">RELIHIYON*</span></span></h2>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2pIaAyjtLYjcDzfCw6RgXGLM8ODCJPcql0_A84cfGt0BdTMifD-4Rr-m_IMwaI9hc6worsMufhF23peaJHD32DI5lj98qzc28MenHZV7AvN3zBZv4LzNkRmsLM8ujAWemS6FGqpm1u8OW/s1600/Enlil.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2pIaAyjtLYjcDzfCw6RgXGLM8ODCJPcql0_A84cfGt0BdTMifD-4Rr-m_IMwaI9hc6worsMufhF23peaJHD32DI5lj98qzc28MenHZV7AvN3zBZv4LzNkRmsLM8ujAWemS6FGqpm1u8OW/s1600/Enlil.gif" height="224" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"><b>Ilan sa mga pinaniniwalaang diyos ng mga Sumeryano</b></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span>Ang mga Sumeryano ay maituturing na may politiestikong pananampalataya. Ito ay dahil pinaniniwalaan nilang pinamamahalaan ng mahigit 3000 diyos ang iba't ibang aspekto ng kanilang buhay. Ang pinakamakapangyarihan nilang diyos ay si "ENLIL", ang diyos ng hangin at mga ulap. Si Shamash naman ang diyos ng araw at nagbibigay ng kaliwanagan at si Inanna ang diyosa ng pag-ibig at digmaan. Ang pinakamababa naman sa antas ng mga diyos ay ang masamang Udug na pinaniniwalaan nilang tagapaghatid ng sakit, kamalasan, at gul<span style="font-size: x-small;">o.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">ANG KABIHASNAN SA EGYPT</span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span> </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.5;">Sa kanluran ng FERTILE CRESCENT, sumibol ang isang kabihasnan sa pampang sa Ilog Nile. Kumpara sa mga lungsod-estado na nabuo sa MESOPOTAMIA, maagang naging</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.5;"> kaharian ang Egypt kung kaya nakaranas ito ng matatag at natatanging kultura.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">Ang malawak na Disyerto ng Sahara</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.5;">Natatangi ang lokasyon ng Egypt sapagkat ito ay napapalibutan ng disyerto. Matatagpuan sa silangang hangganan ng Egypt ang Disyerto ng Sinai, sa Timog naman ay Disyerto ng Nubia, at sa Kanluran ay ang malawak na Disyerto ng Sahara. Sa gitna dumadaloy ang Ilog Nile at sa magkabilang pampang ng ilog nagtayo ng pamayanan ang mga Ehipsyo.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 21px;"><b>*SIMULA NG KABIHASNAN NG EGYPT*</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 21px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span>Sa simula, nahahati ang Egypt sa dalawang kaharian. Nabuklod laman ang dalawang kahariang ito sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Menes noong 3100 BCE. Hinati ng mga historyador ang mga kaharian sa tatlo: ang Lumang Kaharian; Gitnang Kaharian; at Bagong Kaharian.</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 21px;"><b><u>LUMANG KAHARIAN</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 21px;"><b> Sa panahong ito nagsimulang tawagin na paraon ang pinuno ng kaharian. Ang paraon ay itinuturing ding isang diyos ng mga tao kaya ganap ang kaniyang kapangyarihan sa buong Egypt. Bilang pinuno ng hukbo, tungkulin ng paraon na pangalagaan ang kaharian mula sa mga manananakop.</b></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgchrLJR-Cm-H7lltv2LLRsqmYA2Kx8o9UD0zXrPhcs_O4KJKoFkPgis_NFmKtKfg6ZIMG51uCL2XxLK_YcWp-7b2kNtIqZnWyCkIoYyapQ4Q5tHG0xubArpi1TOV3V6Vy9DW7n4bJ0TICy/s1600/Mentuhotep.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgchrLJR-Cm-H7lltv2LLRsqmYA2Kx8o9UD0zXrPhcs_O4KJKoFkPgis_NFmKtKfg6ZIMG51uCL2XxLK_YcWp-7b2kNtIqZnWyCkIoYyapQ4Q5tHG0xubArpi1TOV3V6Vy9DW7n4bJ0TICy/s1600/Mentuhotep.jpg" height="200" width="149" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;"><b>Haring Mentuhotep</b></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 21px;"><b><u>GITNANG KAHARIAN</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 21px;"><b> Sa pamumuno ni Haring Mentuhotep II, muling napag-isa ang Egypt. Ito ay ang pagsisimula sa Gitanang Kaharian. Muling pinalakas ng paraon ang sentralisadong pamamahala gayundin ang kalakalan sa ibang lupain. Gayunman, ang panahong ito ay pinakilos ng mga maharlika kaya naman kilala rin ito sa katawagang "Panahon ng mga Maharlika."</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 21px;"><b><u>BAGONG KAHARIAN</u></b></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnRCz-FJVUE7rnXQhwbBDXjSJr83Uo41gRHwSl5amKjuUPGhImOI4SHFKdBp8PKC6KyW_CjCuEf-3BatOU-10FPJjALGrnbISSJHwp1Rid8-n1J3XTYlJNBZFqt7KURem0S7BTJPydEVd9/s1600/Ahmose+I.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnRCz-FJVUE7rnXQhwbBDXjSJr83Uo41gRHwSl5amKjuUPGhImOI4SHFKdBp8PKC6KyW_CjCuEf-3BatOU-10FPJjALGrnbISSJHwp1Rid8-n1J3XTYlJNBZFqt7KURem0S7BTJPydEVd9/s1600/Ahmose+I.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;"><b>Ahmose I</b></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 21px;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span>Nagsimula ang Bagong Kaharian sa paghahari ni Ahmose I. Binuo muli ni Ahmose I ang Egypt sa iisang kaharian sa ilalim ng kabisera ng Thebes. Muli niyang isinaayos ang pamahalaan at pinabukas niya ang mga minahan at mga rutang pangkalakalan. Sinakop din niyang muli ang Nubia at Canaan kaya tinagurian itong "Panahon ng Imperyo" ang pamunuan ng mga paraon ng Bagong Kaharian</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 21px;"><b>*RELIHIYON*</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 21px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span>Katulad ng mga taga-Mesopotamia, ang paniniwala ng mga Ehipsiyo ay politeistiko. Umabot sa mahigit 2000 ang diyos ng gma Ehipsiyo. Ilan sa kanilang mga diyos ay si Ra, ang diyos ng araw; si Horus, diyos ng liwanag; at si Isis ang diyosa ng mga Ina at asawa.</b></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvZSK_cbXZ88ehZHq-8cu4sCAlK3qs2JDraTSmHY47bktrrwoHt79pFRmIdwFm0F4LXACNhuXuNMiavFDdboSp1rSMZCtxi4nQIwVfz2xLL4XPxAd2lOnbnu5vnerUNHN8c65Gq9dTEjoW/s1600/diyos+ng+mga+ehipsiyo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvZSK_cbXZ88ehZHq-8cu4sCAlK3qs2JDraTSmHY47bktrrwoHt79pFRmIdwFm0F4LXACNhuXuNMiavFDdboSp1rSMZCtxi4nQIwVfz2xLL4XPxAd2lOnbnu5vnerUNHN8c65Gq9dTEjoW/s1600/diyos+ng+mga+ehipsiyo.jpg" height="256" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;"><b>Ilan sa mga diyos ng mga EHIPSIYO</b></span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLDX7xacuTefIZx4ZryMUb3YtyjJ_cZaIBu-9zlFouipv5GjhQw_yMbksyswFlCIXi2v95enyEmR1wawJFeOIifwg8X2eUF5m2KjabyxSiVlMTUWwGNTYuDZ8ruJ6r1Sis36jbHjjlYVzK/s1600/Horus.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNPfy9cNyEH8Kh5ka3DkaW3DSOJ0U77x0EXnttIEs3DdzusCoqEPuuEQ88DkXqAX09EyDL-YkBWVaeMTs2vKFMB0KlWQ6gNrXyH-eLL3qCNxlcUflzrES5bd4wKgf1wdNBpK7BWSqLpCxX/s1600/3+diyos.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNPfy9cNyEH8Kh5ka3DkaW3DSOJ0U77x0EXnttIEs3DdzusCoqEPuuEQ88DkXqAX09EyDL-YkBWVaeMTs2vKFMB0KlWQ6gNrXyH-eLL3qCNxlcUflzrES5bd4wKgf1wdNBpK7BWSqLpCxX/s1600/3+diyos.png" height="207" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">Ilan lang sa mga diyos ng mga Ehipsiyo</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">Mula sa Kaliwa ay si Ra ang diyos ng araw; Horus, diyos ng liwanag; at Isis, ang diyosa ng liwanag</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>*PAGSULAT*</b></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbzdVIXO22zrJncmJw7drgw60sGXfn5QYrzzaLsB7KgAs25vVGrfO2SWg0umvcElr8WhQF-m8LfmWYGnR2cH8qodh-7OpBu0C290_TFcSoNsXRF97NvNBOdqNoaEetFMIogdjjEAVzzUOU/s1600/papyrus1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbzdVIXO22zrJncmJw7drgw60sGXfn5QYrzzaLsB7KgAs25vVGrfO2SWg0umvcElr8WhQF-m8LfmWYGnR2cH8qodh-7OpBu0C290_TFcSoNsXRF97NvNBOdqNoaEetFMIogdjjEAVzzUOU/s1600/papyrus1.jpg" height="200" width="139" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">Papyrus Reeds</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b> Noong unang panahon ang mga Ehipsiyo ay nagsusulat lamang sa bato at luad, hanggang sa naimbento nila ang papel na mula sa "Papyrus Reeds"</b></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_Nz_NChIDjUv0ClpRU4HqXOjaxTKp24Covl5AkFVVLZdMpzD3cssg4G_N6hVJ1hyphenhyphenDYJCRWkNAlxugcvC31Q30kbgrhj6a8-IfHcv6u1NMa6Ugxb1CSLVTXUW4wu77ox4aUPRZ4px7uUuA/s1600/hieroglyphics.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_Nz_NChIDjUv0ClpRU4HqXOjaxTKp24Covl5AkFVVLZdMpzD3cssg4G_N6hVJ1hyphenhyphenDYJCRWkNAlxugcvC31Q30kbgrhj6a8-IfHcv6u1NMa6Ugxb1CSLVTXUW4wu77ox4aUPRZ4px7uUuA/s1600/hieroglyphics.jpg" height="124" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">Halimbawa ng Hieroglyphics</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 21px;"><b>Ang sistema ng kanilang pasusulat noon ay tinatawag na HIEROGLYPHICS.</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 21px;"><b>KABIHASNAN SA INDIA</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Heograpiya:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvKK-9YhOEsDZEI0SUC5PerRHHftQtLHxLMb-4AEPr6ojHSSHbQ8TvTRju1d7G9qtl6UvFvV9rIWyDtQK0YnbHEE9LyYHS4H5dZcIIUZykOL5ZNqiPqLIjHaWQE1GCFBMCPn_qkt5dmubU/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvKK-9YhOEsDZEI0SUC5PerRHHftQtLHxLMb-4AEPr6ojHSSHbQ8TvTRju1d7G9qtl6UvFvV9rIWyDtQK0YnbHEE9LyYHS4H5dZcIIUZykOL5ZNqiPqLIjHaWQE1GCFBMCPn_qkt5dmubU/s1600/2.jpg" /></a><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Ang mga lungsod sa lambak ng Indus ang pinakabagong tuklas na mga sinaunang sentrong kabihasnan sa kasalukuyang panahon. Ang mga labi ng dalawang lungsod sa Indus River ay natagpuan ng mga arkeologo noong dekada 1920, ang lungsod na Mohenjo-Daro at Harappa. Ang mga lugar na ito, gayundin ang lipunang nabuo rito, ay kasabay halos ng pag-usbong ng Sumer noong 3000 B.C.E.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Ang lupain sa Indus ay mas malawak kung ihahambing sa sinaunang Egypt at Mesopotamia sapagkat sakop nito ang malaking bahagi ng hilagang-kanluran ng dating India at ang lupain kung saan matatagpuan ang Pakistan sa kasalukuyan. Sa kasalukuyan, tinatayang mahigit sa 1000 lungsod at pamayanan ang natatagpuan dito, particular sa rehiyon ngIndus River sa Pakistan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>Antas ng Tao sa Lipunan:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span>Ang mga Aryano ang nag nagpasimula ng sisteamang kasta (caste system) na ang layunin ay ihiwalay ang mga Aryano sa mga nasakop nilang Drabidyano. Sa Simula, nahati lamang sa tatlong ang uri ng mga tao sa lipunang Aryano. Una ay ang mga Brahmin na binubou ng mga kaparian, mga Kshatriya na binubou ng mga pinuno at mga mandirigma, at ang mga Vaishya na binubuo ng mga mangangalakal at magsasaka.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">Panitikan:</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Sa larangan ng panitikan, dalawang dakilang epiko ang nagmula sa India - ang MAHABHARATA at RAMAYANA. Tinatayang nabuo ang MAHABHARATA noong 1000 hanggang 700 B.C.E. Ito ay naglalaman ng 90 000 taludtod at itinuturing na isa sa mga pinakamahabang tula sa buong mundo. Inilalahad nito ang digmaan na pinamumunuan ng limang magkakapatid na Pandavas na sina Dharmaputra, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula at Sahadeva.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Samantala ng RAMAYANA naman ay nasa anyong patula rin. Inihahalad sa epikong ito ang buhay ni Haring Rama at ng kanyang asaw na si Sita. Ayon sa salaysay, dinukot si Sita ng pinunong si Ravana. Dahil dito nakipaglaban si Rama upang mabawi si Sita.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><b>KABIHASNAN sa CHINA</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>Heograpiya:</b></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhorsW882lH97Xq0yuPPxuTmuCgsgN-xPArlpFFpIVKb8qHmrzXd8v3lcffsMgG7b_1vY-utFnzqNOqoqtPSyF38s57J1K4R_5tLQeDGXCIw7JnAcvZuBngRLm_55wHgG1e-eahQAWwzVQs/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhorsW882lH97Xq0yuPPxuTmuCgsgN-xPArlpFFpIVKb8qHmrzXd8v3lcffsMgG7b_1vY-utFnzqNOqoqtPSyF38s57J1K4R_5tLQeDGXCIw7JnAcvZuBngRLm_55wHgG1e-eahQAWwzVQs/s1600/Untitled.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">Ilog ng Huang Ho at Yangtze</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Sa lambak sa pagitan ng Huang Ho at Yangtze sumibol ang mga unang pamayanan sa China. Ang hangganan ng lambak sa Hilaga ay ang Disyerto ng Gobi at sa silangan naman ay ang Karagatang Pasipiko. Ang mga Kabundukan ng Tien Shan at Himalaya ang nasa kanluran ng lambak at sa katimugan naman ay ang mga kagubatan ng Timog-Silangang Asya. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Mga Sinaunang Dinastiya:</b></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvGs31XathMxjm9zJSGeSCyJtv56CuT5M0gZoDAy5OluhBtfCHsR4CHoEn0hkfQnyI4mPAWPflCQTRUt4YnwA8WP2WdmONErneM0mTgsk4j0n_fSNPfmyGYXUcDrktTaSK1d0EtedfNJOe/s1600/King_Yu_of_Xia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvGs31XathMxjm9zJSGeSCyJtv56CuT5M0gZoDAy5OluhBtfCHsR4CHoEn0hkfQnyI4mPAWPflCQTRUt4YnwA8WP2WdmONErneM0mTgsk4j0n_fSNPfmyGYXUcDrktTaSK1d0EtedfNJOe/s1600/King_Yu_of_Xia.jpg" height="200" width="87" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">Yu</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><u>Dinastiyang Hsai</u></b> -</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span>Ayon sa tradisyonal na kasaysayan ng China, pinag-isa ngDinastiyang Hsai ang pamayanan sa paligid ng Huang Ho. Angunang hari nito ay si Yu na isang inhenyero at Matematiko. Sa pamumuno ni Yu, Nagsigawa ang mga Tsino ng mga proyektong pang-irigasyon na hahadlang sa mapaminsalang pagbaha sa ilog.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b><u>Dinastiyang Shang </u></b></span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">-</span></span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Pumalit ito sa Dinastiyang Hsai noong 1500 BCE. Ang tatlong pangunahing katangian ng pag hahari ng mga Shang ay ang pag-uumpisa ng pagsulat, kaalaman sa pagamit ng Bronse, at ang pagaantas sa lipunan.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">Zhou</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b><u>Dinastiyang Zhou</u></b></span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> -</span></span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Noong Taong 1027 BCE, napatalsik ng dinastiyang Zhou ang dinastiyang Shang. Bilang pagpapatibay ng kanilang pamamahala, ipinagpatuloy nila ang konsepto ng "Tian Ming" o "Mandato ng Langit" na ang hari ang kinikilalang kinatawan ng langit sa mundo.</span></div>
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<b style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><u>Dinastiyang Qin</u></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"> - </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Ang nag tagumpay sa nagdidigmaang estado na pumalit sa Dinastiyang Zhou. Tinawag ng pinuno ng Qin ang kanyang sarili na Shi Huangdi na nangangahulugang unang emperador.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><b>IBA PANG KABIHASNAN SA ASYA</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"> </b><b>Nagmula sa mga damuhan sa Gitnang Asya ang mga Hitito. Noong 1650 BCE, nabuo ang imperyong Hitito at itinatag nila bilang kabisera ang Hattusass. Sa loob ng 450 taon, naging makapangyarihan ang mga Hitito sa Kanlurang Asya</b></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">Ang Chariot ang isa sa mga susi kung bakit laging nagtatagumpay ang mga Hitito.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>Ang Mga Phoeniciano:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span> Ang mga Phoeniciano, kabilang sa pangkat ng lahing Semitiko, ay nananahan sa maunlad na lungsod-estado sa may baybayin ng Dagat Mediteraneo. Mahuhusay silang manggagawa ng barko, manlalayag at mangangalakal na nagtatag ng mga estratehikong lungsod na may daungan tulad ng Sidon, Tyre, Beirut, at Byblos. Bagama't hindi naging imperyo ang unang lungsod ng mga Phoeniciano, nagpadala naman sila ng tao upang magtatag ng kolonya sa Italy, Africa, at Spain.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>Ang mga Persyano:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span>Nagmula ang makapangyarihang imperyo ng Persia sa malawak na talampas ng kasalukuyang Iran. Kabilang ang mga Persyano sa lahing Indo-Aryano. Ang salitang Persya ay halaw sa katagang "Persis", bansag sa mga griyego sa lugar na iyon. Sa simula,sumailalim sa makapangyarihang imperyo ng Assyria ang Persia hanggang sa taong 612 BCE. Kalaunan tinalo nila ang imperyo ng Assyria at lumaya sa pananakop nito.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><b>Ang mga Kabihasnan sa America</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>Ang Mga Olmec:</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLE2hZrXV49QIBchc6aYj9m99OiVSwnlnWlpWaiKe8hSw-Jd8nQqTdMHjd_6eMYT7sJ390m6TCN6EqnD_gYwsVhTuV5kgYz76hbVJLifaEcUazfZ5zAwSRyoVBdZkjxQc0-0MaF_wfoKLq/s1600/olmec.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLE2hZrXV49QIBchc6aYj9m99OiVSwnlnWlpWaiKe8hSw-Jd8nQqTdMHjd_6eMYT7sJ390m6TCN6EqnD_gYwsVhTuV5kgYz76hbVJLifaEcUazfZ5zAwSRyoVBdZkjxQc0-0MaF_wfoKLq/s1600/olmec.jpg" height="200" width="138" /></a><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span>Tinatawag na Olmec o Taong Goma o Rubber People ang mga pamayanan na naninirahan sa baybayin ng golopo ng Mexico noon 1200 BCE. Sinasabi na ang kabihasnan ng mga Olmec ang "Base Culture" ng America dahil ang kanilang mga naimbento at nalikhang mga kasangkapan at kaalaman ay hiniram at ginamit ng mga sumunod na kabihasnan.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>Ang Mga Teotihuacano:</b></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvXW_hq_Rd9UBzoEIc8yEi_NxkjFPrv5i5pirB8tUf0xkaFfGe6Ya9Bqncq5jYrysbFOvkNKBaQsS7hC40Z7cWZyi1xD-Evnx0nBLgX899N4p7UtVc0dNn1pJh4D4j0DRcRYIpOOLaprvX/s1600/teotihuacano.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvXW_hq_Rd9UBzoEIc8yEi_NxkjFPrv5i5pirB8tUf0xkaFfGe6Ya9Bqncq5jYrysbFOvkNKBaQsS7hC40Z7cWZyi1xD-Evnx0nBLgX899N4p7UtVc0dNn1pJh4D4j0DRcRYIpOOLaprvX/s1600/teotihuacano.jpg" height="200" width="140" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">Teotihuacano</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span>Matatagpuan sa lambak ng Mexico ang tinaguriang "Lupain ng mga Diyos" o Teotihuacan. Ito ay kinilala bilang unang lungsod sa America. Mula 100 CE, ang lugar na ito ay naging sentro ng magsasaka, artisano, arkitekto, at musikero.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;">Ang Mga Mayan:</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span> Nagsimulang sumibol ang Kabihasnan ng mga Mayan mula sa mga pamayanang nagsasaka na nagtayo ng mga sentrong pangrelihiyon para sa kanilang mga diyos. Mula rito, lumaki ang mga pamayanan at nanging mga lungsod tulad ng Tikal, Copan, Uxmal, at Chichen Itza na matatagpuan sa katimugang Mexico at sa Gitnang America.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">*KABUHAYAN*</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b> Pagsasaka ng mais ang pangunahing kabuhayan ng mga Mayan. Mayroon din silang industriya ng paghahabi ng tela, pagpapalayok, at pag-ukit sa Jade, Obsidian, Kahoy, Kabibe, at Bato. Ang mga produktong kanilang nagawa ay ikinakalakal sa ibang mga lungsod.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">*RELIHIYON*</span></b></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRYg63mYpgR3EK4KfGHO2Y0IYZUL1vkFYivL-u5bCLrmsEvsQJDN2-JpiJN1wNdYpvvS387HgzT20Wrdd_6qUUG42xGxQMPTDVYlQUvykS4_zET4qu1Gw2BBVFYdUwToB67TtNYvhyphenhyphenOFvf/s1600/cenote.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRYg63mYpgR3EK4KfGHO2Y0IYZUL1vkFYivL-u5bCLrmsEvsQJDN2-JpiJN1wNdYpvvS387HgzT20Wrdd_6qUUG42xGxQMPTDVYlQUvykS4_zET4qu1Gw2BBVFYdUwToB67TtNYvhyphenhyphenOFvf/s1600/cenote.jpg" height="212" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">CENOTE</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b> Politeistiko ang mga Mayan dahil naniniwala sila sa maraming diyos na namamahala sa kanilang buhay. Sumasamba sila sa pamamagitan ng pag-aalay ng pagkain, bulaklak, at insenso. May pagkakataon din na nag-aalay sila ng tao sa mga "CENOTE", isang malalim na balon, bilang sakripisyo sa kanilang diyos.</b></span>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><b>*ANG MGA AZTEC*</b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Sa hilagang Mexico ng mula ang mga nomadikong Aztec na kilala rin sa tawag na Mexica. Nagsilbi din silang sundalo sa maliliit na lungsod-estado sa lambak ng Mexico. Nang matatag ang Aztec sa kabisera sa Tenichtitlan, unti-unting nasakop ang mga kalapit na kaharian. Itinuturing <i>extractive empire</i> ang pamamahala ng mga Aztec . Dahil kapag nasakop nila ang isang lungsod, hindi nila pinapalitan ang mga pinuno. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ3yCIbEHoMjgfmzo7Gqhjjqx4LKRl38uOXTkSNVpFpL2EY_pLDHFLIHke3fUQy0V1wl4lM0dRcXeyoF0oeQ5xL9jNfjjwINGBFSryixHj7snddZoGiOq2TbkFO2uEyA5EKhd9xdQ5vHU6/s1600/inca.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ3yCIbEHoMjgfmzo7Gqhjjqx4LKRl38uOXTkSNVpFpL2EY_pLDHFLIHke3fUQy0V1wl4lM0dRcXeyoF0oeQ5xL9jNfjjwINGBFSryixHj7snddZoGiOq2TbkFO2uEyA5EKhd9xdQ5vHU6/s1600/inca.jpg" height="243" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">Kultura ng mga INCA</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Sa south america sumibol ang isang kabihasnan at imperyo na sumakop sa malaking bahagi ng Kabundukang Andes. Ang Imperyong ito ay ang Inca. Sa maliit na pamayanan sa lambak ng Cuzco nagsimula ang mga Inca. Sa pamumuno ni Pachacuti Inca, limawak ang nasasakupan ng mga Inca at nakabuo ng isang imperyo. Naging matagumpay ang inca sa pagpapalawak ng kanilang teritoryo dahil sa natatangi nilang paraan at pakikidigma</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><b>*KABIHASNAN SA AFRICA*</b></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFBBveSmkrNT34A1feQZ0i4SvwFMr5cPaijzTqDgodmkExnQq60EAM5zF02fpzOjrZ77WJA2gBEYyqIoD0Dw76AU-9yyYTAHaK-RaKKCjTpV0RfRqH0fhM259kQAOKXUTzlu4y4nhq_ZfH/s1600/nok.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFBBveSmkrNT34A1feQZ0i4SvwFMr5cPaijzTqDgodmkExnQq60EAM5zF02fpzOjrZ77WJA2gBEYyqIoD0Dw76AU-9yyYTAHaK-RaKKCjTpV0RfRqH0fhM259kQAOKXUTzlu4y4nhq_ZfH/s1600/nok.jpg" height="200" width="140" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b> </b></span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b><span style="background-color: white;">Sumibol ang kultura at kabihasnan sa Africa. Ang mga taong Nok ang isa sa mga sinaunang kultura na naninirahan sa Nigeria mula 500 BCE hanggang 200CE. Ang Nok ay mga magsasaka na unang nakaalam ng paraan ng pagpapanday ng bakal sa baging iyon ng Africa. Lumikha din sila ng mga kasangkapan gamit ang luad, kahot at mga bato.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Ang relihiyon ng Nubia ay napasailalim sa mga kapangyarihan ng mga Ehipsiyo na matatagpuan sa katimugan ng Ilog Nile. Sa katimugan ng Nubia matatagpuan ang imperyo ng Kush. Unti-unting nakamitng mga Kushite ang kanilang hukbo noong 751 BCE, nasakop nila ang E</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">gypt</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">.</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;">*Ang mga Aksumite*</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Ang pagkakatatag ng kaharian ng Aksum ay pinasimulan ng anak ng Reyna ng Sheba at ni Haring Solom ng Israel. Matatagpuan ang kaharian ng Aksumite sa hilagang-silangan bahagi ng Africa. Sa pamamagitan ng pakikipagkalakalan napanatili nika ang kapangyarihan. Ang baybayan ng Aksum ay nagsilbing daungan ng mga barko ng mga mangangalakal. Ipinag-utos ni Haring Ezana na sakupin ang lupain ng Yemen upang sa paghahangad na mapalawak ang kaharian ng Aksum. Sunod, ay sinakop nila ang Kush at makalipas ng 20 taon ay sinunog nila ang lungsod ng Meroe. </span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;">*Ang mga Imperyong Pangkalakalan*</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ang Ghana</span> </span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvOlbLRK1pvHlsfq7awJtreBzLnoAz64w6di7TWtJCAuovimzOKjSqhTo1pqmBbetBMvyw9Bb4onA9lLmGxSOQvdZ2EZni9lsuj2JWHTEACnaJ5IQ4CnmmhavDgmtJeMt8zTAb7OEJMCpB/s1600/ghana.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvOlbLRK1pvHlsfq7awJtreBzLnoAz64w6di7TWtJCAuovimzOKjSqhTo1pqmBbetBMvyw9Bb4onA9lLmGxSOQvdZ2EZni9lsuj2JWHTEACnaJ5IQ4CnmmhavDgmtJeMt8zTAb7OEJMCpB/s1600/ghana.jpg" /></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Soninke ang tawag sa mga mamamayan ng Ghana. Pagsasaka at pagpapanday ang pangunahing ikinabubuhay nila. Ang teritoryo ng Ghana ang tanging rutang dinaraanan ng mga caravan ng ginto mula sa Wangara sa Mali at asin na mula naman sa hilagang disyerto.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1oBQ-u0idfmLqHethGBfKa_2CksRSUvnDGXhrSLw9lQArk8M8HEKVasVjjya9A9bmLA2iVx9KUhFWQsMHfrbXPvNzqVC46sL6KvRv_4Ac8SZ53ZidUd7R6KOpEn8EuezPLxwdvvXack3V/s1600/mali.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1oBQ-u0idfmLqHethGBfKa_2CksRSUvnDGXhrSLw9lQArk8M8HEKVasVjjya9A9bmLA2iVx9KUhFWQsMHfrbXPvNzqVC46sL6KvRv_4Ac8SZ53ZidUd7R6KOpEn8EuezPLxwdvvXack3V/s1600/mali.jpg" /></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Lumitaw ang Mali mula sa anino ng Ghana. Ang unang mansa o emperador ng Mali ay si Sundiata. Nasakop niya ang kaharian ng Ghana at ang mga lungsod ng kumbi at walat sa pamamagitan ng digmaan. Isa pa sa mga kinikilalang pinakadakilang pinuno ng Mali ay si Mansa Musa. Katulad ni Sundiata, naging mahisay siya sa pamamahala at pananakop. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;">Ang Songhai</span></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjymXRVTzn26Bfy6XgWGoDo5wf4OYsZSp1AIEDPMBROraU7nLJF_1wAaWPCdP9BMeoKedzC5buES7_Cx7fJ5ojfb1W-5fc8ObeYrYU13lcpWneU3g4nge00uZGKNpvaZfDZcOhkrl0_DmuG/s1600/songhai.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjymXRVTzn26Bfy6XgWGoDo5wf4OYsZSp1AIEDPMBROraU7nLJF_1wAaWPCdP9BMeoKedzC5buES7_Cx7fJ5ojfb1W-5fc8ObeYrYU13lcpWneU3g4nge00uZGKNpvaZfDZcOhkrl0_DmuG/s1600/songhai.jpg" /></a><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Bumuo ng isang hukbo ang mga Songhai, na nagpalawak ng teritoryo at mula kabisera ng Gao ay pinamahalaan ang mga rutang pangkalakalan. Ang natatanging pinuno ng Songhai ay si Sunni Ali. Bumuo si Sunni Ali ng isang hukbo na may mga barkong padigma at mga sundalong kabayuhan dahil taglay nya ang kaalamang militar at agresibong pamumuno. Sinakop niya ang Timbuktu, Gao at Djene na sentro ng kalakalan sa Africa. Ang kanyang paghahari ay tumagal hanggang 30 taon at pinaunlad niya ang Timbuktu bilang sentro ng kaalaman at kulturang Muslim sa Africa. </span></span></div>
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<b style="text-align: center;"><u><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;">KABIHASNAN SA PASIPIKO</span></u></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">Polynesia</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> <b> Binubuo ng mahigit sanlibong pulo mula sa Gitnang Pasipiko hanggang sa New Zealand ang Polynesia. Polynesia galing sa katagang Griyego na polus na nangangahulugang "marami" at nesos na ngangahulugang "pulo". Sakot nito ang teritoryo sa Hawaii sa hilagang-silangan. </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">Micronesia</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b> Bahagi pa rin ng Pasipiko ang Micronesia ito ang pinakamalapit sa Pilipinas. Galing ito sa salitang griyego namikros na nangangahulugang "maliit" at nesos na nangangahulugang "mga pulo". Matatagpuan ang Micronesia sa silangan. </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">Melanesia</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Matatagpuan ang Melanesia sa Kanlurang Pasipiko. Galing din sa salitang Griyego na melas na ang ibig sabihin ay "maitim" at nesos na nangangahulugang "mga pulo". Tinitirahan ng mga taong maitim ang balat. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;"><b>MELANESIA</b></span></td></tr>
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All Pictures used in this blog is a courtesy of <a href="http://google.com/">Google</a>.<br />
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